film 4

Film 4

Film4 was originally known as Film Four and became Channel 4's second channel (after Channel 4 itself) when it launched on 1 November 1998.
It was a subscription-only service available on satellite television via the Sky platform, digital terrestrial via ITV Digital (until the platform went into administration in 2002), and most UK cable services. It cost £5.99 or £6.00 a month (depending on platform), eventually rising to up to £7.
The launch night, which was also broadcast on Channel 4, was hosted by Johnny Vaughan and the first film to be shown was What's Eating Gilbert Grape.
Later, additional channels were added, Film Four World and Film Four Extreme which operated on a timeshare and the time shift channel Film Four +1.
Film Four World and Extreme were discontinued in 2003 and replaced by Film Four Weekly, which screened four films across the week at the same time each day to make it easier to catch a film at least once. Film Four Weekly ceased broadcasting on 19 July 2006 when the subscription service ended.
Film4 is owned by channel 4. Channel 4 is a British public-service television broadcaster which began working on 2 November 1982. Although largely commercially self-funded, it is ultimately publicly owned; originally a subsidiary of the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA), the station is now owned and operated by the Channel Four Television Corporation.
It has recently had a 50% rise in budget a year now having a budget of £15 million a year. This really helped them especially because of the UK film council getting shut down by the government; this meant they wouldn’t benefit from receiving extra money from them. The new budget is still very low for such a company, especially when comparing it to just one Hollywood blockbuster movie, when compared to Hollywood blockbusters this is an almost laughable budget, especially when they would share it between 6 movies they make a year.
Film4 has been involved in the making of many films, they haven’t only produced their own films, they have worked with other companies to help produce films, for example they worked in association with Wild Bunch, Optimum Releasing, and Warp Films when they produced four lions.
Four lions is a typical film4 movie; it fits their criteria because it is a comedy and drama genre with a low budget.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdFnLGKIDsE

Film4 have recently announced Anna Higgs will be the head of film 4.0. Film4.0 will be trying to find new ways to market and distribute and well as creating new ways of making and directing films. Along with this they will be trying to find new British actors with potential to make it as stars.

Although film4 are fantastic at making comedy’s they have a range of genres. This helps them gain audiences who enjoy many different genres. Their ideas are normally non-mainstream. They mainly gain a niche audience.

exam practise- editing

Parallel editing is used to show that the boy and girl are related and have a strong relationship. We can see through the parallel editing that they lead very different teenage lives, showing binary opposite characters. She is coming home; rebelling against house rules and he has been in his own bed. This conforms to Levi Strauss' idea that all narratives have opposites. The two narrative threads come together as she reaches the window and the cut aways show that she relies on him to cover up for her.

There is a sense of disequilibrium at the start, this backs up todorovs theory. Also action editing is used- they use short takes almost as a montage when he is doing his work out. This shows the pace of editing and is also used when the dad is shouting at the protagonist, the fast pace of the editing is parralel to the loud shouting of the father. This suggests that teenagers have a quick and almost hektik lifestyle.
Also there are binary opposites of the boy and girl aswell as between young and old. Shot reverse shot is also used to show the reaction between the conversations, for example between the father and boy, this shows the angeer and frustration on the father's face that the boy has caused him. this is shown in real time to make the audience feel the realism in the scene.

sound- exam practise

The dialogue between the father and the son shows a reversal in audeince expectations. We see the father shouting and swearing at the teenager, which is normally something we would expect to hear from the teenager. The father's aggressive reaction to the diegetic rock music plays to the stereotype that teenagers play loud music and are inconsiderate to older people. His reaction also plays to the stereotype that teenagers frustrate their parents.

We hear the diegetic sound of the alarm clock at the start of the clip, the protagonist is already awake, this shows that he is troubled, this then leads to non-diegtic music that is parrallel to him while he is working out -showing he also cares about his physical appearence playing on the stereotype of teenagers caring that they look good and are 'posers'. The music is to a beat showing he likes routine. This challenges the stereotype because most teenagers dont like or do routines.

camera examples

The idea that teenagers are curious about sex is reinforced through the over the sholder shot used when he is looking at the older woman getting dressed through the window over the road. The shot is hand held so that the audience can have the same experience as the teenage main character. The following close up shot shows a lack of expression suggesting that this is routine and he has become disaffected by the image. This conforms to the stereotype that teenagers' lives are surrounded by sex and it plays a big part of their life.


The relationship between the brother and the sister backs up the stereotype, this is because the brother looks out for the sister. This is expressed in the camera angles, they show a high shot looking down on the sister from his point of view showing he has the power to let her in without getting caught by what we assume as their dad. We also see a low shot to back this up, the low shot is also from her point of view allowing the audience to really feel the realism of this happening.

mise en scene examples

The mise en scene of the protagonists bedroom challenges and conforms to stereotypical views about youth culture. The establishing shot suggests that the series targets a teenage audience and it will follow the life and experiences of a teenager. The duvet cover shown is of a double bed with a naked man and woman, suggesting that this age group is sexually charged. The protagonist is positioned in the middle of the two bodies suggesting that he is sexually inexperienced. It could also be suggesting that he is alone and confused about his sexuality, which conforms to teenage sterotypes.In this shot natural lighting is used to give a sense of realism so the teenage audience identifies with the life of the protagonist.

The protagonists bedroom challenges the stereotype theory of teenagers being messy. This challenges it because the protagonist's bedroom was neat and organised, for example his draws were full with neat folded polo shirts, instead of just being chucked around his room, this being the stereptype expected, his sister contrasts him with this, whereas he is neat and tidy, she is almost the complete opposite, having an untidy bedroom and coming home late when she wasnt suppost to be going out at all.

green zone

Green Zone Working Title (1)

Audience

How is disability represented in after Thomas?

How is disability represented in after Thomas?

The Mise en scene show the Mother and her child are wearing winter clothing, hat scarf etc. The style of the clothes worn also tells us that they look to be from a middle class family. The light is dull and blurred at the start, this is almost as if it is symbolising the distressing mood. Also we see the red bus drive by, this bus is red symbolising a warning for the danger that is going to come later on in the clip. We then see a white background with the black writing saying it is a true story. This is white to symbolise the truth and purity of the purity of the film to try and shock the viewers into realisation of the story of this young disabled boy and his Mother and the troubles they have to face.
This has been made by the BBC which is a highly creditable company; because of their reputation we trust them this helps us truly believe that this really is a true story.

We hear the contrast in the diegetic sound and non-diegetic sound, this helps to produce an enigma code. In the introduction we can hear the child screaming of the child, We also hear the sound of the traffic racing by, this helps highlight the danger involved in the scene, at this moment in time we don’t know that the child is disabled, we assume at this moment in time that he has been injured or is just misbehaving. At the end of the intro we can hear the background sound of the traffic and the child almost get sucked up, but the sound of the violin stays there. It then shows the white background with the writing on it. The sound is sucked up is used almost like it has gone back in time to the start again. We do not hear the boy speak at all, although we hear him scream, this tells us that maybe the boy can’t speak. It also shows us that he is very unhappy and something is not right with the boy, although at the start we assumed he was just another misbehaved, spoilt kid, we hear the screaming and distress of the mother shout at the people watching her struggle and only then we realise that he is disabled.
The editing in this film is fast paced, action type. This shows the flicking through clips of the mother and boy to the traffic, and then back to the Mother and boy. This shows the boy at a fast pace, it makes the scene feel dangerous and as it is all at normal time it makes us feel the panic of the mother. This is all adding to the danger involved, and makes us feel sorry for the Mother when it is all over.
The camera is shown at close ups during the scene where the child is lying in the road. This helps us show that the son is in distress and the panic and fear on the mothers face. Also we see the over the shoulder shot of the shop worker, almost as a point of view shot, this makes us think and feel the unhappiness and stress of the shop assistant. We also see different types of shots in this clip, for example the long shot to show the whole bodies of the Mother and her son.

After Thomas

After Thomas

success criteria

Success Criteria

editing

Editing

Day & Night

Day & Night

fast 5

Fast 5 marketing on Prezi

fast 5

fast 5 on Prezi

Mise en Scene

apocalypse now analysis

Apocalypse Now Sound Analysis

Diegetic Sound Used:
In this clip most of the sounds we can hear are diegetic sounds- sounds that are visible on screen. The use of them in this film includes the sounds of helicopters flying on screen. Another great example of this is at the start where the man starts playing the trumpet; we can hear and see him playing. Other examples of this include gun shots.



Non-Diegetic Sound Used:
The non-diegetic sounds in this film are also used quite often, these are pretty much sound in the background. This is used a lot with the helicopters flying. They are not on the screen but we can still hear that they are there. This is used to affect the atmosphere of the scene. It allows us feel more part of the action.



Sound Bridges In the shot:
Sound bridges are used a couple of types in the clip, these are sounds that carry onto the next slide. For example the air raid sirens at the start carry on to the next scene, another example would include the actors talking between scenes. It helps connect the two scenes together giving it more of a flow.


Parallel Sound Used:

We can notice parallel sounds being used when the music is being play. We can see the happy and exited faces of some soldiers; this also links with the happy music. This helps set the mood and makes sure people know what the mood is.



Contrapuntal Sound in the shot:
Contrapuntal sound is again used when the music is being played. This is because the music is happy but it is a scene of war and death meaning its opposite. We link the sound being played to the Americans attacking and can be conditioned to recognise the music to an attack.

Track (or Dolly)
Moving the camera itself towards or away from the subject, or to follow a moving subject. The shot is called a ‘track’ or ‘tracking’ shot because the camera is often run along a small track (very like a small railway track) to follow the action. The use of the word ‘Dolly’ comes from a tripod which is on wheels called a ‘dolly’. Both these techniques are used to stabilize the camera. This places all the focus on the objects/action in the frame – it allows for focus to remain still whilst the background rushes past. This is often used when we stay with the occupants of a car, listening to their dialogue and watching their actions when the background is largely unimportant. It should not to be confused with a zoom, where the camera’s lens is varied to give the impression of moving closer to, or away from the subject.

Pan
Pivoting the camera to the side to scan a scene or to follow a moving subject. The camera stays STILL – the action rushes past. This highlights the SPEED of what is happening in form of the camera OR it gives clear evidence of scope – often used to show the surroundings or to establish the ‘background’.

Whip pan
A sudden, fast pan.

Tilt
Pivoting the camera vertically up or down. This produces a low or high angle shot.

Rolling
This is when the camera moves diagonally, making the image askew. This is usually used to show that the character is ill or drugged and is often used in as point of view. This is also called a ‘dutch angle’.

Arc
Moving the camera in an arc around the subject.

Crane shot
This is used when the camera itself moves up or down and is usually placed higher above the ground/action. The crane shot is the primary means of moving the camera above ground. During crane shots, the camera rises and lowers on a platform connected to a mechanical arm, much like utility company cherry-pickers. A crane enables the camera to traverse great distances up and down, as well as forward and backward and from side to side.
Overhead
This is where the camera looks over the action or scene directly from above – it’s like a kind of shot from the ceiling.

Aerial shot
Aerial shots are taken from a plane or helicopter are a variation of crane shots. A camera mounted on an aerial support can move into space in all directions while achieving much greater heights than can a crane. Filmmakers began exploring ways to mount a camera on a plane during the 1910s, and in the 1950s helicopter mounts created additional shooting possibilities. An aerial shot may frame another flying object or it may provide a "bird's eye view" of the landscape, as in the swooping helicopter shot of Julie Andrews in the Alps at the opening of The Sound of Music (1965).

Hand-held shot
This is used to convey a sense of immediacy OR it can be used to suggest realism. Thus this shot if often used in more gritty films. However, it is often used these days as it allows for more freedom and with the use of a steadicam the shots have less of the hand-held, shaky feel that one associates with amateur film.

Zoom (Crash Zoom, Reverse Zoom, Reverse Crash Zoom)
This is not really a movement of the camera but it appears to be so. It is when the focus is pulled making either the object/scene slowly appear closer or further away. When this is done very fast, it’s called a crash zoom. When the focus reverses to make the object/scene seem further away, then it’s called a reverse zoom or, when done very quickly, a reverse crash zoom.

Tessa perkins

Tessa Perkins

Tessa Perkins (1979) made 5 assumptions about stereotyping and how it isn’t a simple process. These are her assumptions
• Stereotypes are not always negative (e.g. 'The French are good cooks').
• They are not always about minority groups or the less powerful ( e.g. 'upper class twits').
• They can be held about one's own group.
• They are not rigid or unchanging ( e.g. the "cloth cap worker of the 1950's became the
1980's 'consumerist home-owner who holidays in Spain').
• They are not always false.


To what extent do you agree with these assumptions?

I agree with Tessa Perkins first assumption. They are most commonly negative, but on the odd occasion they can be positive towards certain stereotypes, for example, the French are known to be mardy, but they are also known to be great chiefs.

Next, I also agree about her second assumption. Stereotyping isn’t always about minority group’s evidence here being the statement 'upper class twits'.


I agree with her third assumption but it only happens in rare cases, it is very uncommon for someone be stereotyping themselves, unless it’s a positive stereotype or as a joke/sarcasm. For example teenagers label themselves being ‘hoodies’.

Her next assumption I totally agree with, stereotypes are forever changing. We know this true evidence of this being the cloth cap worker of the 1950's became the 1980's 'consumerist home-owner who holidays in Spain'. This shows that stereotypes can change in a space of time. We have also seen this with teenagers. During World War II teenagers were respected and were well respected young adults who helped out the community. This has now changed to teenagers being trouble making criminals. This is because of the recent activity of teenagers, and the media have highlighted that many criminals are teenagers.

Finally Tessa Perkins last assumption “They are not always false” I pretty much fully agree with. For example British people talking in the Queen’s English, this is true in some cases but not always true. old people are stereotyped to be moody and grumpy. Cook from skins is seen as a trouble making teenager, who drinks, smokes and takes drugs, this is characterised as much as possible to make the audience react to this.

zoom

hand-held shot

aerial shot

arc

pan

Type of Shots

Track(Dolly)

Tilt

Tilt-Pivoting the camera up or down

Denotation and Connotation

Denotation- refers to the literal meaning of a word, the 'dictionary definition'.¨
Connotation-  refers to the associations that are connected to a certain word or the emotional suggestions related to that word. The connotative meanings of a word exist together with the denotative meanings.